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.gtr-container-p9q2r5 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-x: hidden; } .gtr-container-p9q2r5 .gtr-content-wrapper-p9q2r5 { max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; } .gtr-container-p9q2r5 p { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left !important; word-wrap: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; } .gtr-container-p9q2r5 .gtr-section-title-p9q2r5 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: #0056b3; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-p9q2r5 .gtr-subsection-title-p9q2r5 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; color: #007bff; text-align: left; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-p9q2r5 { padding: 25px; } .gtr-container-p9q2r5 .gtr-content-wrapper-p9q2r5 { max-width: 900px; } }   In the armed conflicts in some hotspots around the world, a special piece of equipment has gradually become the focus of the battlefield - the fiber optic UAV. It has not only caused an increasing number of target damage, but its unique technical characteristics have also made it a "double-edged sword" attracting attention from all parties. It not only seizes tactical initiative with its core advantages, but also faces multiple countermeasure pressures due to inherent shortcomings. I. Core Advantages Fostered by the "Safety Line": Unique Combat Capabilities Endowed by Fiber Optics   Different from traditional UAVs controlled by electromagnetic signals, the command reception and data transmission of fiber optic UAVs rely entirely on the fiber optic cable dragged behind the aircraft. This seemingly slender cable is precisely the key support for its combat effectiveness: optical signals propagate in a closed manner inside the fiber optic cable, almost unaffected by external electromagnetic interference. As long as the fiber optic cable is not broken or damaged, a safe, stable, and concealed information channel can be established between the operator and the UAV.   From the perspective of practical combat value, this "no electromagnetic exposure" feature is of great tactical significance - it can effectively avoid the suppression of enemy electronic jamming equipment and maintain combat capabilities in complex electromagnetic environments; at the same time, the characteristic of not radiating electromagnetic signals outward also greatly reduces the probability of being detected by enemy electronic detection systems. It can be said that the reason why fiber optic UAVs have emerged and gained increasing attention on the battlefield in recent years is precisely due to the existence of this "safety line", making their concealment and anti-interference performance far superior to traditional UAVs. II. "Achilles' Heel": Three Fatal Shortcomings Brought by Fiber Optics and Corresponding Countermeasures   "For every spear, there is a shield." Behind the advantages brought by fiber optics, there are also unavoidable shortcomings. As fiber optic UAVs have achieved frequent successes on the battlefield, the countermeasure ideas of various parties targeting their weaknesses have gradually become clear, and the core of these countermeasures is precisely the fiber optics on which they depend - it can be said that "they succeed because of fiber optics, and fail because of fiber optics". (I) Fiber Optic Reflection: A "Visual Signal" Exposing Traces   Fiber optic cables reflect visible light under specific lighting conditions (such as sunlight irradiation), and this physical characteristic has been verified as a fatal flaw in actual combat. There have been previous battle cases where one side locked the trajectory of the cable dragged by the UAV by observing the reflection of the fiber optic cable under sunlight, and then "followed the vine to find the melon" to locate the UAV operator behind.   Based on this weakness, a targeted countermeasure plan has initially taken shape: by deploying high-precision photoelectric sensors in multiple directions to build a visual monitoring network covering the battlefield, using the sensors to capture the weak optical signals reflected by the fiber optic cable, and then combining trajectory analysis to reversely lock the operator's position. From the perspective of tactical value, attacking an experienced operator has a far greater impact on the battlefield situation than shooting down a UAV that can be quickly replenished. This countermeasure idea of "attacking the source" can fundamentally weaken the enemy's fiber optic UAV combat forces. (II) Limited Towing Distance: A "Physical Shackle" Restricting Movement   Although fiber optic cables are slender, the increase in length directly leads to two major problems: first, the risk of accidents increases. In complex terrains such as forests, mountainous areas, and areas with dense high-rise buildings, fiber optic cables are very likely to be cut by tree branches and building edges, or entangled with obstacles, resulting in the loss of control of the UAV; second, weight and operational limitations. As the length of the fiber optic cable increases, the volume and weight of the cable drum for storing the fiber optic cable also increase simultaneously, further restricting the flight performance and endurance of the UAV.   Restricted by this, the towing distance of current fiber optic UAVs is generally limited, mostly ranging from 5 to 10 kilometers. This characteristic directly reduces the operator's activity range - in order to ensure control of the UAV, the operator usually does not stay far from the UAV's combat area. Based on this, the countermeasure side has formed a tactical logic of "finding the UAV first, then the operator": first, use anti-UAV radars, electronic detection equipment, etc. to lock the UAV's position, then carry out intensive reconnaissance in the surrounding areas to investigate the operator's hiding place, and finally achieve a "complete wipeout". (III) Significant Noise: An "Acoustic Signal" Exposing Position   The weight of the fiber optic cable directly affects the flight load of the UAV: if you want to expand the mission radius, you need to carry longer and more fiber optic cables, which will lead to an increase in the overall weight of the UAV, and then force the propellers and engines to operate at higher power, generating more obvious noise.   In response to this shortcoming, relevant enterprises have begun to develop acoustic countermeasure technologies: by deploying microphone arrays composed of multiple microphones to capture the characteristic noise generated by the UAV's engines and propellers, and then combining advanced algorithms to analyze and identify the noise signals, accurately locate the position of the fiber optic UAV, and provide support for subsequent interception. III. Universal Countermeasures and Future Trends: Coexistence of Challenges and Opportunities   In addition to the special countermeasures targeting fiber optics, traditional anti-UAV technologies are also effective against fiber optic UAVs. For example, anti-UAV nets. There have been previous battle cases on the battlefield where fiber optic FPV (First-Person View) UAVs attempted to attack armored vehicles but were "captured alive" by the anti-UAV nets deployed by the other side - this physical interception method can directly avoid the anti-electromagnetic interference advantage of fiber optic UAVs and fundamentally prevent them from completing attack tasks.   In the long run, like all weapons and equipment, fiber optic UAVs are in a dynamic balance of "strengthening advantages" and "making up for shortcomings": with the progress of material technology, lighter and more wear-resistant fiber optics may further extend their combat radius; the upgrade of noise reduction technology may also reduce the risk of acoustic exposure. However, at the same time, countermeasure technologies are also developing synchronously - higher-precision photoelectric sensors, more sensitive acoustic detection systems, and smarter interception algorithms will all bring new challenges to fiber optic UAVs.   In the future, the battlefield road of fiber optic UAVs is destined to be uneven. It may further expand its tactical value through technological iteration, or fall into a "combat effectiveness bottleneck" due to the upgrade of countermeasure means. But what is certain is that this special equipment that "succeeds because of fiber optics and fails because of fiber optics" will still play an indispensable and important role in future battlefield confrontations.

.gtr-container-d7e8f9 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 .gtr-heading-2 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left; color: #0056b3; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 .gtr-heading-3 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; color: #007bff; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 p { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left !important; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 img { margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 ol { list-style: none !important; padding-left: 0; margin-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 1em; counter-reset: list-item; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 ol li { position: relative; padding-left: 25px; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 14px; text-align: left !important; counter-increment: none; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 ol li::before { content: counter(list-item) "." !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; font-weight: bold; color: #007bff; width: 20px; text-align: right; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 ol li p { margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: left !important; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 .gtr-list-title { font-weight: bold; color: #333; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 .gtr-bordered-note { border-left: 2.25pt solid #bbbfc4; padding: 5px 0 5px 15px; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 14px; color: #555; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-d7e8f9 { padding: 25px 50px; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 .gtr-heading-2 { font-size: 20px; } .gtr-container-d7e8f9 .gtr-heading-3 { font-size: 18px; } } Against the backdrop of the rapid development of modern military technology, the technological iteration and offensive-defensive confrontation in the UAV field have been continuously driving the innovation of related products. When traditional UAVs face numerous challenges in complex electromagnetic environments, fiber optic UAVs have emerged as a new type of product. They exhibit uniqueness in terms of technical principles and performance characteristics, while also having certain limitations, providing a new direction and food for thought for the development of the UAV field. I. Development Background of Fiber Optic UAVs In the process of the wide application of UAV technology, traditional FPV (First-Person View) UAVs have played an important role in reconnaissance, strike and other tasks due to their small size, good concealment and high maneuverability. However, with the popularization of UAV applications, countermeasures against UAVs have also been continuously upgraded, making traditional FPV UAVs face many challenges. On one hand, the improvement of electronic jamming technology poses a serious threat to the communication and navigation systems of traditional FPV UAVs. Electronic warfare systems can cut off, jam or deceive the UAV's communication links, making it impossible for operators to effectively control the UAV and thus losing its combat capability. On the other hand, the continuous improvement of protective equipment against UAV strikes has also reduced the operational effectiveness of traditional FPV UAVs. To address issues such as electronic jamming and improve the survivability and operational effectiveness of UAVs in complex environments, fiber optic UAVs have emerged. This product transmits command and control orders and image data through fiber optic equipment, breaking away from the reliance on traditional wireless remote control signals, and is expected to maintain stable operational performance in complex environments. Fiber optic UAVs are relatively similar to traditional FPV UAVs in basic structure. The main difference is that they are equipped with a larger fuselage frame and high-capacity batteries to support the several kilograms of cable reels released during flight. Their combat radius is usually between 2 and 20 kilometers, and the specific range depends on the length of the fiber optic cable. It is worth noting that the application of fiber optics to weapon platforms is not a new combat concept. Some missiles have long been equipped with fiber optic communication guidance systems, realizing two-way interaction of command transmission and image return, providing operators with real-time battlefield information and supporting aiming point correction. The emergence of fiber optic UAVs is the extended application of this technology in the UAV field. II. Performance Characteristics of Fiber Optic UAVs (I) Core Advantages Strong Anti-Electromagnetic Interference Capability In an environment with fierce competition in the electromagnetic spectrum, traditional radio-controlled UAVs are vulnerable to suppression by jamming equipment. Fiber optic UAVs transmit data through physical cables, completely avoiding the threat of electromagnetic interference, and can maintain stable communication in a strong electromagnetic suppression environment, making them reliable reconnaissance and attack tools in complex electromagnetic environments. Excellent Data Transmission Performance The theoretical bandwidth of optical fiber can reach the level of 100 Tbps, far exceeding the limit of radio communication. Relying on this advantage, when fiber optic UAVs are equipped with high-definition optoelectronic equipment, they can transmit detailed information of the target area in real time. Cooperating with relevant image recognition systems, they can quickly complete target classification, greatly improving the real-time situational awareness capability and operational effectiveness. High Signal Security Radio signals are easy to be intercepted, which may lead to the reverse positioning of UAVs. Fiber optic communication has the characteristics of physical isolation, fundamentally eliminating the risk of signal leakage, effectively ensuring the security of UAV control signals, and reducing the probability of the control station being located and destroyed. (II) Existing Limitations Limited Transmission Distance and Terrain Restriction Due to the limitation of the UAV's load capacity, the transmission distance of optical fiber is usually not more than 10 kilometers, and the cable is easily hindered by terrain. In complex terrain environments, the cable may be entangled or cut by bushes, buildings, etc., resulting in the failure of the UAV mission or even crash. At the same time, the fiber optic cable is prone to reflect light under sunlight, which may expose the position of the control station. High Cost and Unbearable Loss The cost of a single set of fiber optic UAV system (including a 10-kilometer fiber optic reel) is relatively high, about 6-8 times that of a conventional FPV UAV. In high-intensity mission scenarios, if the UAV is shot down and other losses occur, it will bring high cost losses and also pose great pressure on logistics support. Easy to Be Detected and Intercepted Due to the additional load of the fiber optic cable reel, the propeller of the fiber optic UAV needs to provide more power, which increases its noise signature, enabling frontline troops to detect its trace through microphone arrays and other equipment. In addition, its visual characteristics and specific flight modes also make it easy to be discovered and intercepted by mobile radar and other equipment. Poor Environmental Adaptability Extreme weather has a great impact on fiber optic UAVs. In low-temperature environments, the optical fiber may become brittle and break, leading to a significant decrease in mission success rate. At the same time, in urban warfare or field environments, objects such as glass shards and barbed wire may cut the optical fiber, affecting the normal operation of the UAV. III. Directions for Technological Improvement To overcome the above defects, relevant R&D teams are actively promoting the technological improvement of fiber optic UAVs. For example, developing a cable self-healing system to automatically switch to backup lines after fiber optic breakage, improving system stability; attempting to combine fiber optic and radio dual-mode communication, switching to wireless transmission mode in safe areas to extend the combat radius. In addition, the application of cutting-edge fiber optic technology has also made certain progress. Reducing the wire diameter to 0.2mm while increasing the tensile strength by 3 times, such technological breakthroughs are expected to redefine the UAV reconnaissance mode in specific scenarios. IV. Summary As an innovative product in the UAV field, fiber optic UAVs have demonstrated irreplaceable value in application scenarios with complex electromagnetic signals by virtue of their unique physical link transmission method. It not only realizes functions such as electromagnetic silent strike and real-time transmission of high-definition images, reconstructing the application logic of UAVs in complex environments, but also expands the tactical application boundaries of UAVs in a revolutionary way. However, problems such as the vulnerability of its cables have also spawned corresponding countermeasures, promoting the continuous iteration of technology and tactics in this field.

.gtr-container-x7y8z9 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; padding: 15px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; outline: none; } .gtr-container-x7y8z9 p { margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left !important; font-size: 14px; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; } .gtr-container-x7y8z9__title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: #2c3e50; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-x7y8z9__subtitle { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; color: #34495e; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-x7y8z9 ul { list-style: none !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 1em; } .gtr-container-x7y8z9 ul li { position: relative; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; text-align: left !important; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; } .gtr-container-x7y8z9 ul li::before { content: "•"; position: absolute; left: 0; color: #007bff; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-x7y8z9 { max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 25px; } } In the countermeasure module of anti-drone systems, electronic jamming and radio spoofing are currently the two most widely used and safest technical approaches. The implementation of both approaches highly depends on the support of power amplifiers. Electronic Jamming: Power Amplifiers Determine the "Coverage Capability" of Jamming The core principle of electronic jamming is to block the control links (2.4GHz/5.8GHz) and GNSS navigation links (GPS/Beidou/GLONASS) between drones and their operators by emitting high-power electromagnetic waves of specific frequency bands. This forces the drones to enter the "lost-connection protection mode", resulting in automatic return, hovering in place, or forced landing. In this process, the role of the power amplifier is crucial: Enhancing the jamming coverage radius: The power amplifier can amplify the power of the basic jamming signal generated by the countermeasure module several times or even dozens of times, significantly expanding the jamming range. For example, in large-area protection scenarios such as airports, high-power amplifiers can increase the jamming coverage radius from hundreds of meters to several kilometers, achieving comprehensive protection of the airport's clear zone. Strengthening the signal penetration capability: In complex environments (such as building obstacles and electromagnetic noise interference), the power amplifier can enhance the anti-attenuation capability of the jamming signal. This ensures that even when there are obstacles in the signal propagation path, the normal communication and navigation signals of the drone can still be effectively suppressed. Ensuring the stability of multi-target jamming: When multiple drones conduct "unauthorized flights" in the airspace simultaneously, the power amplifier needs to provide a continuous and stable power output for the jamming signal. This prevents some targets from "escaping" the jamming due to insufficient power, ensuring the synchronous disposal capability of the countermeasure module for multiple targets. As a key component supplier for anti-drone defense systems, Fengqing Instruments has launched the FQPA series of power amplifier modules. With the core mission of "providing reliable radio frequency power output for government-authorized anti-drone systems", these modules have excellent performance and are suitable for countermeasure needs in multiple scenarios, making them the preferred equipment for countermeasure modules. This series of products includes two types of GaN HEMT power amplifiers: ceramic-packaged and plastic-packaged, and demonstrates outstanding advantages in wide frequency coverage, power output, and environmental adaptability. 1. Core Performance Advantages, Suitable for Complex Countermeasure Scenarios The FQPA series of power amplifier modules have multi-dimensional performance highlights, accurately meeting the strict requirements of anti-drone systems for power devices. In terms of frequency band coverage, the product can cover the range of 400MHz-6200MHz, which fully includes the mainstream remote control frequency bands of drones (such as 2350-2550MHz), satellite navigation frequency bands (such as GNSS-related frequency bands), and the 5100-5950MHz frequency band commonly used for image transmission. A single module can achieve jamming coverage for multiple types of drones without the need for frequent device replacement, improving the operational efficiency of the system. In terms of power output, the series of products offer flexible options, covering from 20W basic power to 200W high-power models, with clear distinctions between power types and specific scenarios: Among the plastic-packaged models, the basic model of the product with a 200MHz bandwidth in the 800-2550MHz frequency band has an output power of 20W, and the enhanced model can reach 30W. The model with a 200MHz bandwidth in the 400-2550MHz frequency band has a Continuous Wave (CW) output power of up to 50W. The ceramic-packaged models have even stronger performance: the product in the 200-390MHz frequency band has a CW output power of up to 100W, and the 800-2500MHz frequency band with a 200MHz bandwidth even offers a 200W high-power CW version, which can meet the strong suppression needs in long-distance and complex electromagnetic environments. For example, in border patrol scenarios, models with a power of 100W and above can achieve jamming coverage in a range of several kilometers, effectively preventing the intrusion of illegal drones; in the protection of airport clear zones, 50W models can cover an area of 3-5 kilometers around, accurately responding to "unauthorized flight" threats at medium and short distances. At the same time, the product optimizes linearity through advanced pre-distortion technology, improving the out-of-band spurious emission suppression capability by more than 30%. This minimizes interference to surrounding legal communication equipment and complies with international electromagnetic compatibility standards (such as EN 301 489-1). It supports TTL level or high-speed Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) control, achieving nanosecond-level (

.gtr-container-a1b2c3 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 15px; max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto; } .gtr-container-a1b2c3 p { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-a1b2c3 .gtr-section-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em; color: #0056b3; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-a1b2c3 ul { list-style: none !important; margin: 0 0 1em 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; } .gtr-container-a1b2c3 ul li { position: relative; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-a1b2c3 ul li::before { content: "•"; color: #0056b3; font-size: 1.2em; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; line-height: inherit; } .gtr-container-a1b2c3 img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 1.5em auto; border: 1px solid #ddd; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-a1b2c3 { padding: 25px; } .gtr-container-a1b2c3 .gtr-section-title { font-size: 20px; } } With the explosive growth of the drone industry, its applications in commercial, entertainment, and other fields have become increasingly widespread. However, the accompanying security challenges cannot be ignored. From illegal aerial photography and commercial espionage to potential malicious attacks, drones have become a pressing security issue that demands resolution—and anti-drone technology has emerged as a response. To address the security and privacy risks arising from the widespread use of drones, a coordinated system of anti-drone products is essential. An integrated solution that combines multiple technologies is known as an anti-drone system. Its core concept is "Detect - Identify - Neutralize," ensuring timely and effective response to drone threats. 1. Detection and Identification All countermeasures begin with accurate perception of the threat. Modern anti-drone systems typically integrate multiple detection technologies to form an invisible defensive network. Radio Frequency (RF) Detection: This is one of the most common and effective detection methods. By capturing the radio signals transmitted between a drone and its controller, the system can quickly locate the drone and even identify its model and the controller’s position. Radar Detection: Radars specifically designed for low-altitude, slow-moving, and small targets can detect and track drones over a large area around the clock, unaffected by weather or light conditions. Electro-Optical (EO) Detection: High-definition cameras and infrared thermal imagers provide visual confirmation. Especially at night or in harsh weather, infrared thermal imaging can clearly detect the heat signature of a drone. Acoustic Detection: High-sensitivity microphone arrays monitor the unique acoustic signature of drone propellers, providing supplementary information to the system. These technologies complement each other, ensuring no drone can escape detection. 2. Jamming and Suppression (Soft Kill) Once a drone is identified as a threat, the system immediately activates "soft kill" measures— the most commonly used countermeasures in civilian and commercial scenarios. This method disables drones through non-physical means, avoiding collateral damage that might result from a crash. Radio Frequency Jamming: The system emits high-power jamming signals to cut off communication between the drone and its controller. Once the drone "loses contact," it usually follows pre-set protocols to either return to its take-off point automatically or make an emergency landing, allowing for safe neutralization. Navigation Signal Spoofing/Jamming: This involves jamming the drone’s navigation signals (such as GPS or Beidou) or transmitting false signals, preventing the drone from achieving precise positioning. This causes the drone to deviate from its route, hover in place, or lose control due to navigation failure. These technologies aim to resolve threats "peacefully" and are the preferred solutions for locations such as airports, prisons, and large-scale events. 3. The Final "Line of Defense": Physical Destruction (Hard Kill) For military or extreme threat scenarios, physical destruction is a necessary option. Interception Net Capture: Specialized interception drones can launch a large net to directly capture the intruding drone. This method preserves the drone intact, facilitating subsequent evidence collection and analysis. High-Energy Laser Weapons: An emerging and highly effective countermeasure. High-energy laser beams can instantly burn through key components of a drone, causing it to crash immediately, with relatively low operational costs. Directed Energy Weapons: These use microwave or high-energy electromagnetic pulses to directly destroy the electronic equipment inside the drone, rendering it completely non-functional. The security and privacy threats posed by drones are becoming increasingly complex and diverse, placing higher demands on anti-drone technology. By focusing on product technology innovation, enterprises can enhance detection and countermeasure capabilities, providing technical support for combating future drone threats and safeguarding airspace.